The most common causes of hyperpigmentation are burns, acne, age spots, hormone changes, scarring, and sun exposure. Hyperpigmentation is more likely to occur in people with dark skin tones from South Europe, the Middle East, Asia, or Africa, especially if they are exposed to the sun more frequently.
Hyperpigmentation is generally caused by an excessive melanin production.
Always use sunscreen to shield your skin from the sun and help prevent these black patches.